refactor(devices): 实现设备字段动态校验与配置同步

1. 新增动态设备校验Schema生成器，支持从数据库读取字段配置生成校验规则
2. 重构设备增改接口，使用动态校验替代硬编码Schema
3. 调整前端设备表单，适配字段配置并锁定核心系统字段
4. 修复前后端默认字段配置不一致问题
5. 新增字段管理页面防护，锁定核心字段的必填/可见配置

backend/routes/devices.js

@@ -16,13 +16,12 @@ const {
 } = require('../utils/operationLogger');
 const { validateBody, validateQuery } = require('../middleware/validation');
 const {
-  createDeviceSchema,
-  updateDeviceSchema,
   batchDeviceIdsSchema,
   batchStatusSchema,
   batchMoveSchema,
   queryDeviceSchema,
 } = require('../validation/deviceSchema');
+const { createDeviceSchema } = require('../validation/dynamicDeviceSchema');
 
 const PREVIEW_COUNT = 20;
 
@@ -736,7 +735,7 @@ async function generateDeviceId() {
 }
 
 // 创建设备
-router.post('/', validateBody(createDeviceSchema), async (req, res) => {
+router.post('/', validateBody(() => createDeviceSchema(false)), async (req, res) => {
   try {
     const deviceData = { ...req.body };
 
@@ -2285,7 +2284,7 @@ router.get('/:deviceId/tickets', async (req, res) => {
 });
 
 // 更新设备
-router.put('/:deviceId', validateBody(updateDeviceSchema), async (req, res) => {
+router.put('/:deviceId', validateBody(() => createDeviceSchema(true)), async (req, res) => {
   try {
     const oldDevice = await Device.findByPk(req.params.deviceId);
     if (!oldDevice) {