refactor(devices): 实现设备字段动态校验与配置同步

1. 新增动态设备校验Schema生成器，支持从数据库读取字段配置生成校验规则
2. 重构设备增改接口，使用动态校验替代硬编码Schema
3. 调整前端设备表单，适配字段配置并锁定核心系统字段
4. 修复前后端默认字段配置不一致问题
5. 新增字段管理页面防护，锁定核心字段的必填/可见配置

frontend/src/components/device/DeviceFormModal.jsx

@@ -269,14 +269,22 @@ const DeviceFormModal = ({
     }
   };
 
+  // 强制锁定必填的字段（不受字段管理配置影响）
+  const FORCE_REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['name', 'serialNumber', 'position', 'height'];
+
   const filteredFields = deviceFields.filter(
-    field =>
-      field.fieldName !== 'deviceId' &&
-      field.fieldName !== 'rackId' &&
-      field.fieldName !== 'position' &&
-      field.fieldName !== 'height'
+    field => field.fieldName !== 'deviceId'
   );
 
+  // 获取关键字段的配置（用于设备位置区块）
+  const rackFieldConfig = deviceFields.find(f => f.fieldName === 'rackId');
+  const positionFieldConfig = deviceFields.find(f => f.fieldName === 'position');
+  const heightFieldConfig = deviceFields.find(f => f.fieldName === 'height');
+
+  // 动态判断是否必填（强制锁定字段 > 字段配置）
+  const isPositionRequired = FORCE_REQUIRED_FIELDS.includes('position') || positionFieldConfig?.required;
+  const isHeightRequired = FORCE_REQUIRED_FIELDS.includes('height') || heightFieldConfig?.required;
+
   const formItems = [];
   filteredFields.forEach(field => {
     if (field.fieldName === 'serialNumber') {
@@ -356,10 +364,10 @@ const DeviceFormModal = ({
                     label={
                       <span>
                         机柜
-                        <span style={{ color: '#ff4d4f', marginLeft: '4px' }}>*</span>
+                        {rackFieldConfig?.required && <span style={{ color: '#ff4d4f', marginLeft: '4px' }}>*</span>}
                       </span>
                     }
-                    rules={[{ required: true, message: '请选择机柜' }]}
+                    rules={rackFieldConfig?.required ? [{ required: true, message: '请选择机柜' }] : []}
                     style={{ marginBottom: '0' }}
                   >
                     <Select
@@ -389,10 +397,10 @@ const DeviceFormModal = ({
                     label={
                       <span>
                         安装位置 (U位)
-                        <span style={{ color: '#ff4d4f', marginLeft: '4px' }}>*</span>
+                        {isPositionRequired && <span style={{ color: '#ff4d4f', marginLeft: '4px' }}>*</span>}
                       </span>
                     }
-                    rules={[{ required: true, message: '请输入U位' }]}
+                    rules={isPositionRequired ? [{ required: true, message: '请输入U位' }] : []}
                     style={{ marginBottom: '0' }}
                   >
                     <InputNumber
@@ -410,10 +418,10 @@ const DeviceFormModal = ({
                     label={
                       <span>
                         设备高度 (U)
-                        <span style={{ color: '#ff4d4f', marginLeft: '4px' }}>*</span>
+                        {isHeightRequired && <span style={{ color: '#ff4d4f', marginLeft: '4px' }}>*</span>}
                       </span>
                     }
-                    rules={[{ required: true, message: '请输入设备高度' }]}
+                    rules={isHeightRequired ? [{ required: true, message: '请输入设备高度' }] : []}
                     initialValue={1}
                     style={{ marginBottom: '0' }}
                   >

frontend/src/constants/deviceManagementConstants.js

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ export const DEFAULT_DEVICE_FIELDS = [
     fieldName: 'deviceId',
     displayName: '设备ID',
     fieldType: 'text',
-    required: true,
+    required: false,
     visible: true,
     editable: false,
   },
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ export const DEFAULT_DEVICE_FIELDS = [
     fieldName: 'powerConsumption',
     displayName: '功率(W)',
     fieldType: 'number',
-    required: false,
+    required: true,
     visible: true,
     editable: true,
   },

frontend/src/pages/DeviceFieldManagement.jsx

@@ -338,6 +338,11 @@ const FIELD_TYPE_OPTIONS = [
   { value: 'textarea', label: '多行文本' },
 ];
 
+// 强制锁定必填的系统核心字段（不受字段管理配置影响）
+const FORCE_LOCKED_REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['name', 'serialNumber', 'position', 'height'];
+// 强制锁定可见的系统核心字段（在其他模块强引用，不可关闭可见）
+const FORCE_LOCKED_VISIBLE_FIELDS = ['name', 'serialNumber'];
+
 function DeviceFieldManagement() {
   const [fields, setFields] = useState([]);
   const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
@@ -668,8 +673,17 @@ function DeviceFieldManagement() {
               label={<span style={formLabelStyle}>必填</span>}
               valuePropName="checked"
               style={formItemFlexStyle}
+              tooltip={
+                editingField && FORCE_LOCKED_REQUIRED_FIELDS.includes(editingField.fieldName)
+                  ? '系统核心字段，不可关闭必填'
+                  : undefined
+              }
             >
-              <Switch />
+              <Switch
+                disabled={
+                  editingField && FORCE_LOCKED_REQUIRED_FIELDS.includes(editingField.fieldName)
+                }
+              />
             </Form.Item>
 
             <Form.Item
@@ -677,8 +691,18 @@ function DeviceFieldManagement() {
               label={<span style={formLabelStyle}>可见</span>}
               valuePropName="checked"
               style={formItemFlexStyle}
+              tooltip={
+                editingField && FORCE_LOCKED_VISIBLE_FIELDS.includes(editingField.fieldName)
+                  ? '系统核心字段，在其他模块中被引用，不可关闭可见'
+                  : undefined
+              }
             >
-              <Switch defaultChecked />
+              <Switch
+                defaultChecked
+                disabled={
+                  editingField && FORCE_LOCKED_VISIBLE_FIELDS.includes(editingField.fieldName)
+                }
+              />
             </Form.Item>
           </div>