diff --git a/backend/routes/devices.js b/backend/routes/devices.js
index 2de16c7..94e5e40 100644
--- a/backend/routes/devices.js
+++ b/backend/routes/devices.js
@@ -424,6 +424,20 @@ router.post('/import', async (req, res) => {
             throw new Error(`缺少必填字段：${missingFields.join('、')}`);
           }
           
+        // 验证设备类型值
+          const validTypes = ['server', 'switch', 'router', 'storage', 'other'];
+          if (!validTypes.includes(fieldValueMap['设备类型'])) {
+            throw new Error(`设备类型无效，有效值为：${validTypes.join('、')}，当前值：${fieldValueMap['设备类型']}`);
+          }
+          
+          // 验证设备ID是否已存在
+          const existingDeviceById = await Device.findOne({
+            where: { deviceId: fieldValueMap['设备ID'] }
+          });
+          if (existingDeviceById) {
+            throw new Error(`设备ID已存在：${fieldValueMap['设备ID']}`);
+          }
+          
           // 验证序列号是否已存在
           const existingDevice = await Device.findOne({
             where: { serialNumber: fieldValueMap['序列号'] }
@@ -432,6 +446,11 @@ router.post('/import', async (req, res) => {
             throw new Error(`序列号已存在：${fieldValueMap['序列号']}`);
           }
           
+          // 验证机柜ID是否为空
+          if (!fieldValueMap['所在机柜ID'] || fieldValueMap['所在机柜ID'].trim() === '') {
+            throw new Error('所在机柜ID不能为空');
+          }
+          
           // 验证机柜是否存在，如果不存在则自动创建
           if (!rackIds.includes(fieldValueMap['所在机柜ID'])) {
             // 自动创建机柜
@@ -546,17 +565,36 @@ router.post('/import', async (req, res) => {
         stats.success++;
       } catch (error) {
         stats.failed++;
-        stats.errors.push({ row: rowNum, error: error.message, data: row });
+        let errorMessage = error.message;
+        
+        if (error.name === 'SequelizeUniqueConstraintError') {
+          const errors = error.errors || [];
+          for (const err of errors) {
+            if (err.path === 'deviceId') {
+              errorMessage = `设备ID已存在`;
+              break;
+            } else if (err.path === 'serialNumber') {
+              errorMessage = `序列号已存在`;
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+        } else if (error.name === 'SequelizeValidationError') {
+          errorMessage = '数据验证失败，请检查字段格式';
+        }
+        
+        stats.errors.push({ row: rowNum, error: errorMessage, data: row });
       }
     }
     
-    // 删除临时文件
     fs.unlinkSync(filePath);
     
     res.json({ statistics: stats });
   } catch (error) {
     console.error('导入设备数据失败:', error);
-    res.status(500).json({ error: '导入设备数据失败' });
+    const errorMessage = error.message || '导入过程中发生未知错误';
+    res.status(500).json({ 
+      errors: [{ row: 0, error: errorMessage }] 
+    });
   }
 });
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/DeviceManagement.jsx b/frontend/src/pages/DeviceManagement.jsx
index 524e0af..5beb872 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/DeviceManagement.jsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/DeviceManagement.jsx
@@ -851,15 +851,22 @@ function DeviceManagement() {
       let errorDetails = [];
       
       if (error.response) {
-        const { data } = error.response;
-        if (data && data.errors && Array.isArray(data.errors)) {
+        const { data, status } = error.response;
+        
+        if (status === 500 && data && data.errors && Array.isArray(data.errors) && data.errors.length > 0) {
+          errorDetails = data.errors.map((err) => ({
+            row: err.row || 0,
+            error: err.error || err.message || '服务器内部错误'
+          }));
+          errorMessage = `导入失败：${errorDetails[0].error}`;
+        } else if (data && data.errors && Array.isArray(data.errors)) {
           errorDetails = data.errors.map((err, index) => ({
             row: err.row || index + 1,
             error: err.error || err.message || '未知错误'
           }));
           errorMessage = `导入失败，共发现 ${errorDetails.length} 处数据错误`;
-        } else if (data && data.message) {
-          errorMessage = data.message;
+        } else if (data && (data.message || data.error)) {
+          errorMessage = data.message || data.error;
         }
       } else if (error.message) {
         errorMessage = error.message;
@@ -870,8 +877,8 @@ function DeviceManagement() {
         statistics: {
           total: 0,
           success: 0,
-          failed: 0,
-          errors: errorDetails,
+          failed: errorDetails.length > 0 ? errorDetails.length : 1,
+          errors: errorDetails.length > 0 ? errorDetails : [{ row: 0, error: errorMessage }],
           message: errorMessage
         }
       });