diff --git a/backend/models/Business.js b/backend/models/Business.js
index 602f6f5..0a63840 100644
--- a/backend/models/Business.js
+++ b/backend/models/Business.js
@@ -19,8 +19,11 @@ const Business = sequelize.define(
       allowNull: true,
     },
     status: {
-      type: DataTypes.ENUM('active', 'offline'),
+      type: DataTypes.STRING,
       defaultValue: 'active',
+      validate: {
+        isIn: [['active', 'offline']],
+      },
     },
     offlineDate: {
       type: DataTypes.DATE,
diff --git a/backend/models/Warehouse.js b/backend/models/Warehouse.js
index 35e81d6..4b04808 100644
--- a/backend/models/Warehouse.js
+++ b/backend/models/Warehouse.js
@@ -25,8 +25,11 @@ const Warehouse = sequelize.define(
       defaultValue: 100,
     },
     status: {
-      type: DataTypes.ENUM('active', 'inactive'),
+      type: DataTypes.STRING,
       defaultValue: 'active',
+      validate: {
+        isIn: [['active', 'inactive']],
+      },
     },
     description: {
       type: DataTypes.TEXT,
diff --git a/backend/scripts/init-database.js b/backend/scripts/init-database.js
index 347a0be..c767cdf 100644
--- a/backend/scripts/init-database.js
+++ b/backend/scripts/init-database.js
@@ -227,27 +227,29 @@ async function initDatabase() {
     // 同步所有模型（按依赖顺序）
     console.log('开始同步模型...');
 
+    const alterOptions = process.env.DB_TYPE === 'mysql' ? { alter: true } : {};
+
     // 基础模型
-    await User.sync({ alter: true });
-    await Room.sync({ alter: true });
-    await Rack.sync({ alter: true });
-    await Device.sync({ alter: true });
-    await FaultCategory.sync({ alter: true });
+    await User.sync(alterOptions);
+    await Room.sync(alterOptions);
+    await Rack.sync(alterOptions);
+    await Device.sync(alterOptions);
+    await FaultCategory.sync(alterOptions);
 
     // 耗材相关模型
-    await ConsumableCategory.sync({ alter: true });
-    await Consumable.sync({ alter: true });
-    await ConsumableLog.sync({ alter: true });
-    await ConsumableRecord.sync({ alter: true });
-    await ConsumableLogArchive.sync({ alter: true });
+    await ConsumableCategory.sync(alterOptions);
+    await Consumable.sync(alterOptions);
+    await ConsumableLog.sync(alterOptions);
+    await ConsumableRecord.sync(alterOptions);
+    await ConsumableLogArchive.sync(alterOptions);
 
     // 盘点相关模型
-    await InventoryPlan.sync({ alter: true });
-    await InventoryTask.sync({ alter: true });
-    await InventoryRecord.sync({ alter: true });
+    await InventoryPlan.sync(alterOptions);
+    await InventoryTask.sync(alterOptions);
+    await InventoryRecord.sync(alterOptions);
 
     // 系统设置
-    await SystemSetting.sync({ alter: true });
+    await SystemSetting.sync(alterOptions);
 
     console.log('数据库表结构同步完成');
 
diff --git a/backend/server.js b/backend/server.js
index b86ecd4..ef3ab31 100644
--- a/backend/server.js
+++ b/backend/server.js
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ ensureJwtSecret();
 const express = require('express');
 const cors = require('cors');
 const fileUpload = require('express-fileupload');
-const { sequelize } = require('./db');
+const { sequelize, dbDialect } = require('./db');
 const { FILE_UPLOAD } = require('./config');
 const { generateId } = require('./utils/idGenerator');
 const logger = require('./utils/logger').module('Server');
@@ -96,10 +96,12 @@ async function syncBusinessModels() {
   const DeviceBusiness = require('./models/DeviceBusiness');
   const Warehouse = require('./models/Warehouse');
 
-  await Business.sync();
-  await DeviceBusiness.sync();
-  await Warehouse.sync();
-  logger.info('业务/设备关联/库房模型同步完成');
+  const alterOptions = dbDialect === 'mysql' ? { alter: true } : {};
+
+  await Business.sync(alterOptions);
+  await DeviceBusiness.sync(alterOptions);
+  await Warehouse.sync(alterOptions);
+  logger.info(`业务/设备关联/库房模型同步完成（${dbDialect}${dbDialect === 'mysql' ? ' alter mode' : ''}）`);
 }
 
 async function initDefaultSystemSettings() {