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### 如何集成新的向量数据库
本文提供了向 WeKnora 项目添加新向量数据库支持的完整指南。通过实现标准化接口和遵循结构化流程,开发者可以高效地集成自定义向量数据库。
### 集成流程
#### 1. 实现基础检索引擎接口
首先需要实现 `interfaces` 包中的 `RetrieveEngine` 接口,定义检索引擎的核心能力:
```go
type RetrieveEngine interface {
// 返回检索引擎的类型标识
EngineType() types.RetrieverEngineType
// 执行检索操作,返回匹配结果
Retrieve(ctx context.Context, params types.RetrieveParams) ([]*types.RetrieveResult, error)
// 返回该引擎支持的检索类型列表
Support() []types.RetrieverType
}
```
#### 2. 实现存储层接口
实现 `RetrieveEngineRepository` 接口,扩展基础检索引擎能力,添加索引管理功能:
```go
type RetrieveEngineRepository interface {
// 保存单个索引信息
Save(ctx context.Context, indexInfo *types.IndexInfo, params map[string]any) error
// 批量保存多个索引信息
BatchSave(ctx context.Context, indexInfoList []*types.IndexInfo, params map[string]any) error
// 估算索引存储所需空间
EstimateStorageSize(ctx context.Context, indexInfoList []*types.IndexInfo, params map[string]any) int64
// 通过分块ID列表删除索引
DeleteByChunkIDList(ctx context.Context, indexIDList []string, dimension int) error
// 复制索引数据,避免重新计算嵌入向量
CopyIndices(
ctx context.Context,
sourceKnowledgeBaseID string,
sourceToTargetKBIDMap map[string]string,
sourceToTargetChunkIDMap map[string]string,
targetKnowledgeBaseID string,
dimension int,
) error
// 通过知识ID列表删除索引
DeleteByKnowledgeIDList(ctx context.Context, knowledgeIDList []string, dimension int) error
// 继承RetrieveEngine接口
RetrieveEngine
}
```
#### 3. 实现服务层接口
创建实现 `RetrieveEngineService` 接口的服务,负责处理索引创建和管理的业务逻辑:
```go
type RetrieveEngineService interface {
// 创建单个索引
Index(ctx context.Context,
embedder embedding.Embedder,
indexInfo *types.IndexInfo,
retrieverTypes []types.RetrieverType,
) error
// 批量创建索引
BatchIndex(ctx context.Context,
embedder embedding.Embedder,
indexInfoList []*types.IndexInfo,
retrieverTypes []types.RetrieverType,
) error
// 估算索引存储空间
EstimateStorageSize(ctx context.Context,
embedder embedding.Embedder,
indexInfoList []*types.IndexInfo,
retrieverTypes []types.RetrieverType,
) int64
// 复制索引数据
CopyIndices(
ctx context.Context,
sourceKnowledgeBaseID string,
sourceToTargetKBIDMap map[string]string,
sourceToTargetChunkIDMap map[string]string,
targetKnowledgeBaseID string,
dimension int,
) error
// 删除索引
DeleteByChunkIDList(ctx context.Context, indexIDList []string, dimension int) error
DeleteByKnowledgeIDList(ctx context.Context, knowledgeIDList []string, dimension int) error
// 继承RetrieveEngine接口
RetrieveEngine
}
```
#### 4. 添加环境变量配置
在环境配置中添加新数据库的必要连接参数:
```
# 在RETRIEVE_DRIVER中添加新数据库驱动名称(多个驱动用逗号分隔)
RETRIEVE_DRIVER=postgres,elasticsearch_v8,your_database
# 新数据库的连接参数
YOUR_DATABASE_ADDR=your_database_host:port
YOUR_DATABASE_USERNAME=username
YOUR_DATABASE_PASSWORD=password
# 其他必要的连接参数...
```
#### 5. 注册检索引擎
在 `internal/container/container.go` 文件的 `initRetrieveEngineRegistry` 函数中添加新数据库的初始化与注册逻辑:
```go
func initRetrieveEngineRegistry(db *gorm.DB, cfg *config.Config) (interfaces.RetrieveEngineRegistry, error) {
registry := retriever.NewRetrieveEngineRegistry()
retrieveDriver := strings.Split(os.Getenv("RETRIEVE_DRIVER"), ",")
log := logger.GetLogger(context.Background())
// 已有的PostgreSQL和Elasticsearch初始化代码...
// 添加新向量数据库的初始化代码
if slices.Contains(retrieveDriver, "your_database") {
// 初始化数据库客户端
client, err := your_database.NewClient(your_database.Config{
Addresses: []string{os.Getenv("YOUR_DATABASE_ADDR")},
Username: os.Getenv("YOUR_DATABASE_USERNAME"),
Password: os.Getenv("YOUR_DATABASE_PASSWORD"),
// 其他连接参数...
})
if err != nil {
log.Errorf("Create your_database client failed: %v", err)
} else {
// 创建检索引擎仓库
yourDatabaseRepo := your_database.NewYourDatabaseRepository(client, cfg)
// 注册检索引擎
if err := registry.Register(
retriever.NewKVHybridRetrieveEngine(
yourDatabaseRepo, types.YourDatabaseRetrieverEngineType,
),
); err != nil {
log.Errorf("Register your_database retrieve engine failed: %v", err)
} else {
log.Infof("Register your_database retrieve engine success")
}
}
}
return registry, nil
}
```
#### 6. 定义检索引擎类型常量
在 `internal/types/retriever.go` 文件中添加新的检索引擎类型常量:
```go
// RetrieverEngineType 定义检索引擎类型
const (
ElasticsearchRetrieverEngineType RetrieverEngineType = "elasticsearch"
PostgresRetrieverEngineType RetrieverEngineType = "postgres"
YourDatabaseRetrieverEngineType RetrieverEngineType = "your_database" // 添加新数据库类型
)
```
## 参考实现示例
建议参考现有的 PostgreSQL 和 Elasticsearch 实现作为开发模板。这些实现位于以下目录:
- PostgreSQL: `internal/application/repository/retriever/postgres/`
- ElasticsearchV7: `internal/application/repository/retriever/elasticsearch/v7/`
- ElasticsearchV8: `internal/application/repository/retriever/elasticsearch/v8/`
- Apache Doris 4.1: `internal/application/repository/retriever/doris/`
- Tencent VectorDB: `internal/application/repository/retriever/tencentvectordb/`
通过遵循以上步骤和参考现有实现,你可以成功集成新的向量数据库到 WeKnora 系统中,扩展其向量检索能力。
## Apache Doris 4.1 集成说明
Doris 是一种 MPP 风格的分析型数据库;它的接入策略与 NoSQL 向量库(Qdrant/Milvus/Weaviate)有几处特殊点:
### 协议层
| 通道 | 端口 | 用途 |
| ---- | ---- | ---- |
| MySQL 协议 | FE 9030 | 主链路 CRUD、ANN 检索、全文检索 |
| HTTP API | FE 8030 / BE 8040 | Stream Load partial update |
WeKnora 通过 `database/sql + go-sql-driver/mysql` 调用 MySQL 协议;
通过 `net/http` 调用 Stream Load。两条通道复用同一份用户名/密码。
### 表结构与维度分表
每个 embedding 维度对应一张物理表 `<DORIS_TABLE_PREFIX>_<dim>`(如 `weknora_embeddings_768`)。
表关键属性:
```sql
ENGINE=OLAP
UNIQUE KEY(id)
DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(id) BUCKETS 10
PROPERTIES(
"replication_num"="1",
"enable_unique_key_merge_on_write"="true"
);
```
`enable_unique_key_merge_on_write=true` 是 Stream Load partial update 的前提条件。
### 索引
- 倒排索引(INVERTED):`chunk_id / knowledge_id / knowledge_base_id / source_id / tag_id / is_enabled` 用于过滤;`content` 加上 `parser=chinese` 支持中文全文检索。
- ANN 索引(HNSW + cosine_distance):在 `embedding ARRAY<FLOAT>` 列上构建。
注:Doris ANN 索引在建表后**异步构建**,索引未就绪期间查询会退化为 brute-force(结果正确,速度较慢)。WeKnora 在 `ensureTable` 中会轮询 `SHOW INDEX FROM <table>` 等待 `idx_emb` 进入 `FINISHED`/`NORMAL` 状态,超时上限 30s。
### 分数语义
向量检索使用:
```sql
1 - cosine_distance_approximate(embedding, <vec>) AS score
```
将 distance 翻转为 similarity,与 Qdrant cosine 相似度方向一致:值越大越相似。
threshold 比较使用 `HAVING score >= ?`、排序使用 `ORDER BY score DESC LIMIT ?`。
### 关键词检索
依赖 Doris 内建的 `MATCH_ANY` 与 `chinese` parser,无需在 Go 端做 jieba 分词。
跨维度的多张表会逐表查询并合并取 topK,与 Milvus/Weaviate 现状一致。
### 批量字段更新
`BatchUpdateChunkEnabledStatus / BatchUpdateChunkTagID` 通过 Stream Load partial update 实现:
- HTTP PUT `http://<fe_http>/api/<db>/<table>/_stream_load`
- Headers:`partial_columns: true`、`columns: id,is_enabled`、`merge_type: APPEND`、`format: json`、`strip_outer_array: true`
- Body:`[{"id": "...", "is_enabled": true}, ...]`
每批 ≤ 1MiB 自动拆批,请求体通过 `bytes.Reader` + `req.GetBody` 闭包构造,
确保 FE → BE 的 307 redirect 时可以重发 Body。
### 环境变量
```bash
RETRIEVE_DRIVER=doris
DORIS_ADDR=doris-fe:9030 # FE MySQL 协议地址
DORIS_HTTP_PORT=8030 # FE HTTP 端口(Stream Load)
DORIS_DATABASE=weknora # 目标库
DORIS_USERNAME=root
DORIS_PASSWORD=
DORIS_TABLE_PREFIX=weknora_embeddings
```
### 本地起 Doris
```bash
docker compose --profile doris up -d
docker exec -it WeKnora-doris-fe mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -P 9030 -uroot \
-e "CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS weknora;"
```
随后启动 WeKnora 后端,知识库写入即会按维度自动建表。
## Tencent VectorDB
WeKnora 内置 Tencent VectorDB 适配器,驱动名为 `tencent_vectordb`。该适配器支持向量检索、基于 BM25 sparse vector 的关键词检索和索引管理,可参与 WeKnora 上层混合检索。
### 环境变量示例
```env
RETRIEVE_DRIVER=tencent_vectordb
TENCENT_VECTORDB_ADDR=http://your-instance.tencentvectordb.com
TENCENT_VECTORDB_USERNAME=root
TENCENT_VECTORDB_API_KEY=your_tencent_vectordb_api_key
TENCENT_VECTORDB_DATABASE=weknora
TENCENT_VECTORDB_COLLECTION=weknora_embeddings
TENCENT_VECTORDB_REPLICA_NUMBER=1
```
`TENCENT_VECTORDB_COLLECTION` 是集合名前缀。WeKnora 会按向量维度创建实际集合,例如 `weknora_embeddings_768`,用于隔离不同 embedding 模型维度的数据。
`TENCENT_VECTORDB_REPLICA_NUMBER` 是创建集合时使用的副本数,默认 `1`;单节点 QA 环境可设为 `0`,生产环境可按 Tencent VectorDB 集群规模调整。
关键词检索依赖 Tencent VectorDB sparse vector 索引。新建集合会自动创建 `sparse_vector` 索引;旧版本已创建的向量集合如果没有该索引,需要重建集合并重新导入知识库数据后才能启用关键词检索。