zhang1106
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更新CHANGELOG.md记录1.2.0版本变更 完善README.md项目说明和技术栈信息 重构DEPLOYMENT.md部署指南 详细编写API接口文档
820 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
820 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
# IDC设备管理系统 - 安装部署指南
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本文档详细介绍IDC设备管理系统的多种部署方式，包括开发环境、生产环境的配置方法。
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---
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## 目录
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- [快速开始](#快速开始)
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- [环境要求](#环境要求)
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- [开发环境部署](#开发环境部署)
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- [生产环境部署](#生产环境部署)
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- [Docker部署](#docker部署)
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- [数据库配置](#数据库配置)
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- [更新升级](#更新升级)
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- [监控维护](#监控维护)
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- [常见问题](#常见问题)
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---
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## 快速开始
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### 一键部署脚本（推荐）⭐
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我们提供了交互式安装脚本，自动完成环境检测、依赖安装、数据库初始化和服务启动。
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```bash
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# 方式一：使用 npm
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npm run deploy
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# 方式二：直接运行
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node install.js
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```
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**脚本功能：**
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- ✅ 自动检测 Node.js、npm、PM2、Nginx
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- ✅ Linux 系统支持自动安装 Node.js（交互式）
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- ✅ 交互式配置数据库（SQLite/MySQL）
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- ✅ 交互式选择前端部署方式（Nginx/PM2 serve）
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- ✅ 自动安装项目依赖
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- ✅ 自动初始化数据库
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- ✅ 自动构建前端项目
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- ✅ 使用 PM2 启动和管理服务
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**Linux 自动安装 Node.js：**
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- 支持 Ubuntu、Debian、CentOS、RHEL、Fedora、Arch
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- 自动检测发行版并使用对应安装方式
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- 无需手动下载，一键完成
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---
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## 环境要求
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| 项目 | 要求 | 说明 |
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| Node.js | ≥14.0.0（推荐 20.x LTS） | 运行环境 |
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| npm | ≥6.0.0 | 包管理器（随 Node.js 安装） |
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| 操作系统 | Windows 10/11、macOS、Linux | 支持主流操作系统 |
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| 内存 | 开发：4GB+ / 生产：8GB+ | 根据数据量调整 |
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| 磁盘空间 | ≥2GB | 包含依赖和日志 |
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### Node.js 安装
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#### Linux（自动安装）
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运行 `node install.js`，选择自动安装即可。
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#### Linux（手动安装）
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**Ubuntu/Debian:**
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```bash
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curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_20.x | sudo -E bash -
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sudo apt-get install -y nodejs
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```
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**CentOS/RHEL/Fedora:**
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```bash
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curl -fsSL https://rpm.nodesource.com/setup_20.x | sudo bash -
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sudo yum install -y nodejs
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```
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**Arch Linux:**
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```bash
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sudo pacman -S nodejs npm
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```
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**使用 nvm（推荐开发者）:**
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```bash
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# 安装 nvm
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curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.0/install.sh | bash
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# 安装 Node.js 20
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nvm install 20
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nvm use 20
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```
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#### Windows
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**方式一：官方安装包（推荐）**
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1. 访问: https://nodejs.org/
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2. 下载 LTS 版本（推荐 v20.x）
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3. 运行安装包，按向导完成安装
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**方式二：nvm-windows（推荐开发者）**
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1. 下载安装 nvm-windows: https://github.com/coreybutler/nvm-windows/releases
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2. 执行: `nvm install 20`
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3. 执行: `nvm use 20`
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**方式三：Winget（Windows 10/11）**
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```powershell
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winget install OpenJS.NodeJS.LTS
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```
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#### macOS
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**方式一：Homebrew（推荐）**
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```bash
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brew install node@20
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```
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**方式二：官方安装包**
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1. 访问: https://nodejs.org/
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2. 下载 macOS 安装包并安装
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**方式三：nvm（推荐开发者）**
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```bash
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# 安装 nvm
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curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.0/install.sh | bash
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# 安装 Node.js 20
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nvm install 20
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nvm use 20
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```
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---
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## 开发环境部署
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### 1. 克隆项目
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**方式一：从GitHub克隆（推荐）**
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```bash
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git clone https://github.com/gituib/idc_assest.git
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cd idc_assest
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```
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**方式二：从Gitee克隆（国内访问更快）**
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```bash
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git clone https://gitee.com/zhang96110/idc_assest.git
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cd idc_assest
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```
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### 2. 安装依赖
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```bash
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# 安装后端依赖
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cd backend && npm install
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# 安装前端依赖
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cd ../frontend && npm install
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```
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### 3. 配置环境变量
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```bash
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cd ../backend
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cp .env.example .env
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```
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编辑 `.env` 文件（开发环境使用默认SQLite配置即可）：
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```env
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NODE_ENV=development
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PORT=8000
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DB_TYPE=sqlite
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```
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### 4. 启动服务
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**启动后端（端口8000）：**
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```bash
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cd backend
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npm run dev
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```
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**启动前端（端口3000）- 新终端：**
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```bash
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cd frontend
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npm run dev
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```
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**访问地址：**
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- 前端应用：http://localhost:3000
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- 后端API：http://localhost:8000/api
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- 健康检查：http://localhost:8000/health
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### 5. 开发脚本
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```bash
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# 同时启动前后端（项目根目录）
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npm start
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# 仅启动后端
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npm run start:backend
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# 仅启动前端
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npm run start:frontend
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# 安装所有依赖
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npm run install:all
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```
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---
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## 生产环境部署
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### 方式一：一键部署脚本（推荐）
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```bash
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npm run deploy
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```
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按提示选择：
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- 数据库类型：SQLite 或 MySQL
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- 前端部署方式：Nginx（推荐）或 PM2 serve
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- 是否自动安装 Nginx（Windows）
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### 方式二：手动部署
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#### 后端部署
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##### 1. 配置环境变量
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```bash
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cd backend
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cp .env.example .env
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```
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编辑 `.env` 文件：
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```env
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NODE_ENV=production
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PORT=8000
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DB_TYPE=mysql
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MYSQL_HOST=localhost
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MYSQL_PORT=3306
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MYSQL_USERNAME=idc_user
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MYSQL_PASSWORD=secure_password
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MYSQL_DATABASE=idc_management
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JWT_SECRET=your_jwt_secret_key_here
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```
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##### 2. 安装生产依赖
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```bash
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npm install --production
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```
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##### 3. 配置数据库
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**创建数据库：**
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```sql
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CREATE DATABASE idc_management CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
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CREATE USER 'idc_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'secure_password';
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GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON idc_management.* TO 'idc_user'@'localhost';
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FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
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```
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##### 4. 初始化数据库
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```bash
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node scripts/init-database.js
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```
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##### 5. 使用PM2管理进程
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```bash
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# 安装 PM2
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npm install -g pm2
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# 启动服务
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pm2 start server.js --name "idc-backend" --cwd ./backend --env production
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# 配置开机自启
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pm2 startup
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pm2 save
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```
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#### 前端部署
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##### 1. 构建生产版本
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```bash
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cd frontend
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npm install
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npm run build
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```
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构建输出目录：`frontend/dist/`
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##### 2. 部署静态文件
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**Nginx 方式（推荐）：**
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```bash
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# 复制构建文件到Nginx目录
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sudo cp -r frontend/dist/* /var/www/idc-frontend/
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sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/idc-frontend
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sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/idc-frontend
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```
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**PM2 serve 方式：**
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```bash
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npm install -g serve
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pm2 start serve --name "idc-frontend" -- -s frontend/dist -l 3000
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```
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### Nginx配置
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#### 1. 创建配置文件
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**Linux:**
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```bash
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sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/idc_assest
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```
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**Windows:**
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编辑 `C:\nginx\conf\nginx.conf` 或在 `conf.d` 目录创建新配置
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#### 2. 配置内容
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```nginx
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server {
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listen 80;
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server_name your-domain.com;
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root /var/www/idc-frontend;
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index index.html;
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# Gzip压缩
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gzip on;
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gzip_vary on;
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gzip_min_length 1024;
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gzip_types text/plain text/css text/xml text/javascript application/javascript application/xml+rss application/json;
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# 静态资源缓存
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location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico|svg|woff|woff2|ttf|eot)$ {
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expires 1y;
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add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
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}
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# 前端路由支持
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location / {
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try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
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}
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# API代理
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location /api {
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proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
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proxy_http_version 1.1;
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proxy_set_header Host $host;
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proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
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proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
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proxy_connect_timeout 60s;
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proxy_send_timeout 60s;
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proxy_read_timeout 60s;
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}
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# 文件上传代理
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location /uploads {
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proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
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proxy_http_version 1.1;
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proxy_set_header Host $host;
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proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
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client_max_body_size 50M;
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}
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}
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```
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#### 3. 启用配置
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**Linux:**
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```bash
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sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/idc_assest /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
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sudo nginx -t
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sudo systemctl restart nginx
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```
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**Windows:**
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```cmd
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nginx -t
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nginx -s reload
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```
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### SSL证书配置（可选）
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**使用 Let's Encrypt（Linux）：**
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```bash
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sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx
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sudo certbot --nginx -d your-domain.com
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```
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**手动配置SSL：**
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```nginx
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server {
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listen 443 ssl http2;
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server_name your-domain.com;
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ssl_certificate /path/to/cert.pem;
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ssl_certificate_key /path/to/key.pem;
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ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
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ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
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# ... 其他配置
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}
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# HTTP重定向到HTTPS
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server {
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listen 80;
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server_name your-domain.com;
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return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
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}
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```
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---
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## Docker部署
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### 使用 Docker Compose（推荐）
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创建 `docker-compose.yml`：
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```yaml
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version: '3.8'
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services:
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backend:
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build:
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context: ./backend
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dockerfile: Dockerfile
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ports:
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- "8000:8000"
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environment:
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- NODE_ENV=production
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- DB_TYPE=mysql
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- MYSQL_HOST=mysql
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- MYSQL_PORT=3306
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- MYSQL_USERNAME=idc_user
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- MYSQL_PASSWORD=idc_password
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- MYSQL_DATABASE=idc_management
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volumes:
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- ./backend/uploads:/app/uploads
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depends_on:
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- mysql
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restart: unless-stopped
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frontend:
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build:
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context: ./frontend
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dockerfile: Dockerfile
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ports:
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- "80:80"
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depends_on:
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- backend
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restart: unless-stopped
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mysql:
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image: mysql:8.0
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environment:
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- MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root_password
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- MYSQL_DATABASE=idc_management
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- MYSQL_USER=idc_user
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- MYSQL_PASSWORD=idc_password
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volumes:
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- mysql_data:/var/lib/mysql
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restart: unless-stopped
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volumes:
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mysql_data:
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```
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启动服务：
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```bash
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docker-compose up -d
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```
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---
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## 数据库配置
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### SQLite（开发环境/小规模）
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- 默认配置，无需额外设置
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- 数据库文件：`backend/idc_management.db`
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- 优点：零配置，便携
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- 缺点：不适合高并发，单文件限制
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### MySQL（生产环境推荐）
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#### 创建数据库
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```sql
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CREATE DATABASE idc_management CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
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```
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#### 创建用户
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```sql
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CREATE USER 'idc_user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'secure_password';
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GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON idc_management.* TO 'idc_user'@'localhost';
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FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
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```
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#### 配置优化
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```ini
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# my.cnf 或 my.ini
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[mysqld]
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character-set-server=utf8mb4
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collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
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max_connections=200
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innodb_buffer_pool_size=1G
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```
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### 数据备份
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#### SQLite备份
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```bash
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# 手动备份
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cp backend/idc_management.db backup/database_$(date +%Y%m%d).db
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# 自动备份脚本
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#!/bin/bash
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BACKUP_DIR="/var/backups/idc_assest"
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DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
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mkdir -p $BACKUP_DIR
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cp backend/idc_management.db "$BACKUP_DIR/database_$DATE.db"
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gzip "$BACKUP_DIR/database_$DATE.db"
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# 清理30天前的备份
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find $BACKUP_DIR -name "database_*.gz" -mtime +30 -delete
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```
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#### MySQL备份
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```bash
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# 手动备份
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mysqldump -u idc_user -p idc_management > backup/database_$(date +%Y%m%d).sql
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# 自动备份脚本
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#!/bin/bash
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BACKUP_DIR="/var/backups/idc_assest"
|
||
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
|
||
mkdir -p $BACKUP_DIR
|
||
|
||
mysqldump -u idc_user -pYourPassword idc_management > "$BACKUP_DIR/database_$DATE.sql"
|
||
gzip "$BACKUP_DIR/database_$DATE.sql"
|
||
|
||
# 清理30天前的备份
|
||
find $BACKUP_DIR -name "database_*.gz" -mtime +30 -delete
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
添加到crontab：
|
||
```bash
|
||
crontab -e
|
||
# 每天凌晨2点执行
|
||
0 2 * * * /path/to/backup_script.sh
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 更新升级
|
||
|
||
### 方式一：一键更新脚本（推荐）
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
npm run update
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
功能：自动备份 → 拉取代码 → 更新依赖 → 重建前端 → 重启服务
|
||
|
||
### 方式二：手动更新
|
||
|
||
#### 1. 备份数据
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# MySQL
|
||
mysqldump -u idc_user -p idc_management > backup.sql
|
||
|
||
# SQLite
|
||
cp backend/idc_management.db backup.db
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 2. 拉取最新代码
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
git pull origin master
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 3. 更新依赖
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
cd backend && npm install
|
||
cd ../frontend && npm install && npm run build
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 4. 重启服务
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
pm2 restart idc-backend
|
||
sudo systemctl restart nginx
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 监控维护
|
||
|
||
### 查看日志
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# PM2 日志
|
||
pm2 logs idc-backend
|
||
pm2 logs idc-frontend
|
||
|
||
# Nginx 日志（Linux）
|
||
tail -f /var/log/nginx/idc_assest-error.log
|
||
tail -f /var/log/nginx/idc_assest-access.log
|
||
|
||
# 系统日志（Linux）
|
||
journalctl -u idc-backend -f
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 健康检查
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 服务状态
|
||
curl http://localhost:8000/health
|
||
|
||
# 数据库连接检查
|
||
curl http://localhost:8000/api/health/db
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 性能监控
|
||
|
||
**PM2配置**（`ecosystem.config.js`）：
|
||
```javascript
|
||
module.exports = {
|
||
apps: [{
|
||
name: 'idc-backend',
|
||
script: './server.js',
|
||
cwd: './backend',
|
||
instances: 1,
|
||
exec_mode: 'fork',
|
||
max_memory_restart: '1G',
|
||
autorestart: true,
|
||
env: {
|
||
NODE_ENV: 'production'
|
||
},
|
||
log_file: './logs/combined.log',
|
||
out_file: './logs/out.log',
|
||
error_file: './logs/error.log',
|
||
log_date_format: 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss Z'
|
||
}]
|
||
};
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 服务管理命令
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# PM2 管理
|
||
pm2 status # 查看服务状态
|
||
pm2 logs idc-backend # 查看后端日志
|
||
pm2 logs idc-frontend # 查看前端日志（PM2方式）
|
||
pm2 restart idc-backend # 重启后端服务
|
||
pm2 stop idc-backend # 停止后端服务
|
||
pm2 delete idc-backend # 删除后端服务
|
||
pm2 save # 保存当前进程列表
|
||
pm2 startup # 配置开机自启
|
||
pm2 monit # 实时监控
|
||
|
||
# Nginx 管理（Linux）
|
||
sudo nginx -t # 测试配置
|
||
sudo systemctl restart nginx # 重启服务
|
||
sudo systemctl status nginx # 查看状态
|
||
|
||
# Nginx 管理（Windows）
|
||
nginx -t # 测试配置
|
||
nginx -s reload # 重载配置
|
||
nginx -s stop # 停止Nginx
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 常见问题
|
||
|
||
### 端口冲突
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 检查端口占用
|
||
# Linux
|
||
netstat -tulpn | grep :8000
|
||
# Windows
|
||
netstat -ano | findstr :8000
|
||
|
||
# 修改端口
|
||
PORT=8001 npm run dev
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 依赖安装失败
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 清理缓存
|
||
npm cache clean --force
|
||
|
||
# 删除 node_modules
|
||
rm -rf node_modules package-lock.json
|
||
|
||
# 重新安装
|
||
npm install
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 数据库连接失败
|
||
|
||
**SQLite：**
|
||
- 检查文件权限
|
||
- 确保磁盘空间充足
|
||
- 检查文件是否被其他进程占用
|
||
|
||
**MySQL：**
|
||
- 检查服务状态：`systemctl status mysql`（Linux）
|
||
- 验证连接参数（主机、端口、用户名、密码）
|
||
- 确认数据库已创建
|
||
- 检查防火墙设置
|
||
- 确认用户权限：`SHOW GRANTS FOR 'idc_user'@'localhost'`
|
||
|
||
### 部署脚本问题
|
||
|
||
**Linux 自动安装 Node.js 失败：**
|
||
- 检查 sudo 权限
|
||
- 检查网络连接
|
||
- 尝试手动安装后重新运行脚本
|
||
|
||
**Nginx 未安装（选择 Nginx 部署时）：**
|
||
- Windows：脚本会询问是否自动下载安装
|
||
- Linux/macOS：脚本会显示安装命令，需手动安装
|
||
|
||
### 前端构建失败
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 检查 Node.js 版本
|
||
node -v
|
||
|
||
# 清理并重新构建
|
||
cd frontend
|
||
rm -rf node_modules dist
|
||
npm install
|
||
npm run build
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 权限问题
|
||
|
||
**Linux:**
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 修复文件权限
|
||
sudo chown -R $(whoami):$(whoami) /path/to/project
|
||
sudo chmod -R 755 /path/to/project
|
||
|
||
# 上传目录权限
|
||
sudo chmod -R 777 backend/uploads
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 内存不足
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 增加 Node.js 内存限制
|
||
node --max-old-space-size=4096 server.js
|
||
|
||
# PM2 配置
|
||
pm2 start server.js --name "idc-backend" --node-args="--max-old-space-size=4096"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 项目结构
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
idc_assest/
|
||
├── backend/ # 后端服务
|
||
│ ├── middleware/ # 中间件（认证、验证）
|
||
│ ├── models/ # 数据模型（Sequelize）
|
||
│ ├── routes/ # API路由
|
||
│ ├── scripts/ # 数据库脚本
|
||
│ ├── uploads/ # 文件上传目录
|
||
│ ├── validation/ # 数据验证Schema
|
||
│ ├── server.js # 服务入口
|
||
│ └── package.json
|
||
├── frontend/ # 前端应用
|
||
│ ├── src/
|
||
│ │ ├── api/ # API接口
|
||
│ │ ├── components/ # 组件
|
||
│ │ ├── pages/ # 页面
|
||
│ │ └── utils/ # 工具函数
|
||
│ ├── dist/ # 构建输出
|
||
│ └── package.json
|
||
├── docs/ # 项目文档
|
||
│ ├── api/ # 接口文档
|
||
│ └── images/ # 文档图片
|
||
├── install.js # 交互式安装脚本 ⭐
|
||
├── update.js # 一键更新脚本 ⭐
|
||
├── uninstall.js # 卸载脚本
|
||
├── check.js # 环境检查脚本
|
||
├── modify.js # 配置修改脚本
|
||
├── package.json
|
||
├── README.md # 项目说明
|
||
├── CHANGELOG.md # 版本记录
|
||
└── DEPLOYMENT.md # 本文件
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
**⭐ 如果这个部署指南对您有帮助，请给我们一个Star！**
|